DIGITAL WORLD

The 4-bit processors

Intel 4004

First microprocessor (single-chip IC processor)

Clock rate 740 kHz^[1]
0.07 MIPS
Bus width 4 bits (multiplexed address/data due to limited pins)
PMOS
Number of transistors 2,300 at 10 μm
Addressable Memory 640 bytes
Program Memory 4 KB
One of the earliest Commercial Microprocessors (cf. Four Phase Systems AL1, F14 CADC)
Originally designed to be used in Busicom calculator

MCS-4 Family:

4004 – CPU
4001 – ROM & 4-bit Port
4002 – RAM & 4-bit Port
4003 – 10-bit Shift Register
4008 – Memory+I/O Interface
4009 – Memory+I/O Interface
Introduced November 15 1971

Intel 4040

MCS-40 Family:

4040 – CPU
4101 – 1024-bit (256 × 4) Static RAM with separate I/O
4201 – 4 MHz Clock Generator
4207 – General Purpose Byte I/O Port
4209 – General Purpose Byte I/O Port
4211 – General Purpose Byte I/O Port
4265 – Programmable General Purpose I/O Device
4269 – Programmable Keyboard Display Device
4289 – Standard Memory Interface for MCS-4/40
4308 – 8192-bit (1024 × 8) ROM w/ 4-bit I/O Ports
4316 – 16384-bit (2048 × 8) Static ROM
4702 – 2048-bit (256 × 8) EPROM
4801 – 5.185 MHz Clock Generator Crystal for 4004/4201A or 4040/4201A
Introduced 1971

The 8-bit processors

8008[edit]

Introduced April 1, 1972
Clock rate 500 kHz (8008–1: 800 kHz)
0.05 MIPS
Bus width 8 bits (multiplexed address/data due to limited pins)
Enhancement load PMOS logic
Number of transistors 3,500 at 10 μm
Addressable memory 16 KB
Typical in early 8-bit microcomputers, dumb terminals, general calculators, bottling machines
Developed in tandem with 4004
Originally intended for use in the Datapoint 2200 microcomputer
Key volume deployment in Texas Instruments 742 microcomputer in >3,000 Ford dealerships

8080[edit]

Introduced April 1, 1974
Clock rate 2 MHz (very rare 8080B: 3 MHz)
0.29 MIPS^[2]
Bus width 8 bits data, 16 bits address
Enhancement load NMOS logic
Number of transistors 4,500, 6 μm
Assembly language downwards compatible with 8008.
Addressable memory 64 KB
Up to 10X the performance of the 8008
Used in the Altair 8800, Traffic light controller, cruise missile
Required six support chips versus 20 for the 8008

8085[edit]

Introduced March 1976
Clock rate 3 MHz^[3]
0.37 MIPS
Bus width 8 bits data, 16 bits address
Depletion load NMOS logic
Number of transistors 6,500 at 3 μm
Binary compatible downwards with the 8080.
Used in Toledo scales. Also was used as a computer peripheral controller – modems, hard disks, printers, etc.
CMOS 80C85 in Mars Sojourner, Radio Shack Model 100 portable.
High level of integration, operating for the first time on a single 5-volt power supply, from 12 volts previously. Also featured serial I/O, 3 maskable interrupts, 1 non-maskable interrupt, 1 externally expandable interrupt w/[8259], status, DMA.
MCS-85 family contains processors and peripherals.

Microcontrollers[edit]

They are ICs with CPU, RAM, ROM (or PROM or EPROM), I/O Ports, Timers & Interrupts

Intel 8048[edit]

Single accumulator Harvard architecture

MCS-48 family:

8020 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller
8021 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller
8022 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller With On-Chip A/D Converter
8035 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller
8039 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller
8040 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller
8041 – Universal Peripheral Interface 8-bit Slave Microcontroller
8641 – Universal Peripheral Interface 8-bit Slave Microcontroller
8741 – Universal Peripheral Interface 8-bit Slave Microcontroller
8042 – Universal Peripheral Interface 8-bit Slave Microcontroller
8742 – Universal Peripheral Interface 8-bit Slave Microcontroller
8243 – Input/Output Expander
8244 – custom (NTSC)
8245 – custom (PAL)
8048 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller
8048 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller
8748 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller
8048 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller
8049 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller
8749 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller
8050 – Single-Component 8-bit Microcontroller

Intel 8051[edit]

Single accumulator Harvard architecture

MCS-51 Family:

8031 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8032 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8044 – High Performance 8-bit Microcontroller
8344 – High Performance 8-bit Microcontroller
8744 – High Performance 8-bit Microcontroller
8051 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8052 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8054 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8058 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8351 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8352 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8354 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8358 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8751 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8752 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8754 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
8758 – 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller

Intel 80151[edit]

Single accumulator Harvard architecture

MCS-151 Family:

80151 – High Performance 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
83151 – High Performance 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
87151 – High Performance 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
80152 – High Performance 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller
83152 – High Performance 8-bit Control-Oriented Microcontroller

Intel 80251[edit]

Single accumulator Harvard architecture

MCS-251 Family:

80251 – 8/16/32-bit Microcontroller
80252 – 8/16/32-bit Microcontroller
80452 – 8/16/32-bit Microcontroller
83251 – 8/16/32-bit Microcontroller
87251 – 8/16/32-bit Microcontroller
87253 – 8/16/32-bit Microcontroller

MCS-96 Family[edit]

8094 – 16-bit Microcontroller (48-Pin ROMLess Without A/D)
8095 – 16-bit Microcontroller (48-Pin ROMLess With A/D)
8096 – 16-bit Microcontroller (68-Pin ROMLess Without A/D)
8097 – 16-bit Microcontroller (68-Pin ROMLess With A/D)
8394 – 16-bit Microcontroller (48-Pin With ROM Without A/D)
8395 – 16-bit Microcontroller (48-Pin With ROM With A/D)
8396 – 16-bit Microcontroller (68-Pin With ROM Without A/D)
8397 – 16-bit Microcontroller (68-Pin With ROM With A/D)
8794 – 16-bit Microcontroller (48-Pin With EROM Without A/D)
8795 – 16-bit Microcontroller (48-Pin With EROM With A/D)
8796 – 16-bit Microcontroller (68-Pin With EROM Without A/D)
8797 – 16-bit Microcontroller (68-Pin With EROM With A/D)
8098 – 16-bit Microcontroller
8398 – 16-bit Microcontroller
8798 – 16-bit Microcontroller
80196 – 16-bit Microcontroller
83196 – 16-bit Microcontroller
87196 – 16-bit Microcontroller
80296 – 16-bit Microcontroller

The bit-slice processor[edit]

3000 Family[edit]

Intel D3002

Introduced in the third quarter of 1974, these components used bipolar Schottky transistors. Each component implemented two bits of a processor function; packages could be interconnected to build a processor with any desired word length. Members of the family:

3001 – Microcontrol Unit
3002 – 2-bit Arithmetic Logic Unit slice
3003 – Look-ahead Carry Generator
3205 – High-performance 1 Of 8 Binary Decoder
3207 – Quad Bipolar-to-MOS Level Shifter and Driver
3208 – Hex Sense Amp and Latch for MOS Memories
3210 – TTL-to-MOS Level Shifter and High Voltage Clock Driver
3211 – ECL-to-MOS Level Shifter and High Voltage Clock Driver
3212 – Multimode Latch Buffer
3214 – Interrupt Control Unit
3216 – Parallel, Inverting Bi-Directional Bus Driver
3222 – Refresh Controller for 4K NMOS DRAMs
3226 – Parallel, Inverting Bi-Directional Bus Driver
3232 – Address Multiplexer and Refresh Counter for 4K DRAMs
3242 – Address Multiplexer and Refresh Counter for 16K DRAMs
3245 – Quad Bipolar TTL-to-MOS Level Shifter and Driver for 4K
3246 – Quad Bipolar ECL-to-MOS Level Shifter and Driver for 4K
3404 – High-performance 6-bit Latch
3408 – Hex Sense Amp and Latch for MOS Memories
3505 - Next generation processor

Bus width 2*n bits data/address (depending on number n of slices used)

The 16-bit processors: MCS-86 family[edit]

8086[edit]

Introduced June 8, 1978
Clock rates:
- 5 MHz with 0.33 MIPS^[3]
- 8 MHz with 0.66 MIPS
- 10 MHz with 0.75 MIPS
The memory is divided into odd and even banks; it accesses both banks concurrently to read 16 bits of data in one clock cycle
Bus width 16 bits data, 20 bits address
Number of transistors 29,000 at 3 μm
Addressable memory 1 megabyte
Up to 10X the performance of 8080
First used in the Compaq Deskpro IBM PC-compatible computers. Later used in portable computing, and in the IBM PS/2 Model 25 and Model 30. Also used in the AT&T PC6300 / Olivetti M24, a popular IBM PC-compatible (predating the IBM PS/2 line).
Used segment registers to access more than 64 KB of data at once, which many programmers complained made their work excessively difficult.^{[citation needed]}
The first x86 CPU.
Later renamed the iAPX 86^[4]

8088[edit]

Introduced June 1, 1979
Clock rates:
- 4.77 MHz with 0.33 MIPS
- 8 MHz with 0.66 MIPS^[3]
Internal architecture 16 bits
External bus Width 8 bits data, 20 bits address
Number of transistors 29,000 at 3 μm
Addressable memory 1 megabyte
Identical to 8086 except for its 8-bit external bus (hence an 8 instead of a 6 at the end); identical Execution Unit (EU), different Bus Interface Unit (BIU)^[4]
Used in IBM PC and PC-XT and compatibles
Later renamed the iAPX 88^[4]

80186[edit]

Introduced 1982
Clock rates
- 6 MHz with > 1 MIPS
Number of transistors 55000
Included two timers, a DMA controller, and an interrupt controller on the chip in addition to the processor (these were at fixed addresses which differed from the IBM PC, although it was used by several PC compatible vendors such as Australian company Cleveland).
Added a few opcodes and exceptions to the 8086 design; otherwise identical instruction set to 8086 and 8088
- BOUND, ENTER, LEAVE
- INS, OUTS
- IMUL imm, PUSH imm, PUSHA, POPA
- RCL/RCR/ROL/ROR/SHL/SHR/SAL/SAR reg,imm
Address calculation and shift operations are faster than 8086
Used mostly in embedded applications – controllers, point-of-sale systems, terminals, and the like
Used in several non-PC-Compatible MS-DOS computers including RM Nimbus, Tandy 2000, and CP/M 86 Televideo PM16 server
Later renamed the iAPX 186

80188[edit]

A version of the 80186 with an 8-bit external data bus
Later renamed the iAPX 188

80286[edit]

Introduced February 2, 1982
Clock rates:
- 6 MHz with 0.9 MIPS
- 8 MHz, 10 MHz with 1.5 MIPS
- 12.5 MHz with 2.66 MIPS
- 16 MHz, 20 MHz and 25 MHz available.
Bus width: 16 bits data, 24 bits address.
Included memory protection hardware to support multitasking operating systems with per-process address space.
Number of transistors 134,000 at 1.5 μm
Addressable memory 16 MB
Added protected-mode features to 8086 with essentially the same instruction set
3–6X the performance of the 8086
Widely used in IBM-PC AT and AT clones contemporary to it.

32-bit processors: the non-x86 microprocessors[edit]

iAPX 432[edit]

Introduced January 1, 1981 as Intel's first 32-bit microprocessor
Multi-chip CPU; Intel's first 32-bit microprocessor
Object/capability architecture
Microcoded operating system primitives
One terabyte virtual address space
Hardware support for fault tolerance
Two-chip General Data Processor (GDP), consists of 43201 and 43202
43203 Interface Processor (IP) interfaces to I/O subsystem
43204 Bus Interface Unit (BIU) simplifies building multiprocessor systems
43205 Memory Control Unit (MCU)
Architecture and execution unit internal data base paths 32 bit
Clock rates:
- 5 MHz
- 7 MHz
- 8 MHz

i960 aka 80960[edit]

Introduced April 5, 1988
RISC-like 32-bit architecture
Predominantly used in embedded systems
Evolved from the capability processor developed for the BiiN joint venture with Siemens
Many variants identified by two-letter suffixes.

i860 aka 80860[edit]

Introduced February 26, 1989
RISC 32/64-bit architecture, with floating point pipeline characteristics very visible to programmer
Used in the Intel iPSC/860 Hypercube parallel supercomputer
Mid-life kicker in the i870 processor (primarily a speed bump, some refinement/extension of instruction set)
Used in the Intel Delta massively parallel supercomputer prototype, emplaced at California Institute of Technology
Used in the Intel Paragon massively parallel supercomputer, emplaced at Sandia National Laboratory

XScale[edit]

Introduced August 23, 2000
32-bit RISC microprocessor based on the ARM architecture
Many variants, such as the PXA2xx applications processors, IOP3xx I/O processors and IXP2xxx and IXP4xx network processors.

32-bit processors: the 80386 range[edit]

80386DX[edit]

Introduced October 17, 1985
Clock rates:
- 16 MHz with 5 MIPS
- 20 MHz with 6 to 7 MIPS, introduced February 16, 1987
- 25 MHz with 7.5 MIPS, introduced April 4, 1988
- 33 MHz with 9.9 MIPS (9.4 SPECint92 on Compaq/i 16K L2), introduced April 10, 1989
Bus width 32 bits data, 32 bits address
Number of transistors 275,000 at 1 μm
Addressable memory 4 GB
Virtual memory 64 TB
First x86 chip to handle 32-bit data sets
Reworked and expanded memory protection support including paged virtual memory and virtual-86 mode, features required at the time by Xenix and Unix. This memory capability spurred the development and availability of OS/2 and is a fundamental requirement for modern operating systems like Linux, Windows, and OS X.
First used by Compaq in the Deskpro 386. Used in desktop computing
Unlike the DX naming convention of the 486 chips, it had no math co-processor.
Later renamed Intel386 DX

80386SX[edit]

Introduced June 16, 1988
Clock rates:
- 16 MHz with 2.5 MIPS
- 20 MHz with 3.1 MIPS, introduced January 25, 1989
- 25 MHz with 3.9 MIPS, introduced January 25, 1989
- 33 MHz with 5.1 MIPS, introduced October 26, 1992
Internal architecture 32 bits
External data bus width 16 bits
External address bus width 24 bits
Number of transistors 275,000 at 1 μm
Addressable memory 16 MB
Virtual memory 32 GB
Narrower buses enable low-cost 32-bit processing
Used in entry-level desktop and portable computing
No math co-processor
No commercial software used for protected mode or virtual storage for many years
Later renamed Intel386 SX

80376[edit]

The Intel i376 is an embedded version of the i386SX.

Introduced January 16, 1989; discontinued June 15, 2001
Variant of 386SX intended for embedded systems
No "real mode", starts up directly in "protected mode"
Replaced by much more successful 80386EX from 1994

80386SL[edit]

Introduced October 15, 1990
Clock rates:
- 20 MHz with 4.21 MIPS
- 25 MHz with 5.3 MIPS, introduced September 30, 1991
Internal architecture 32 bits
External bus width 16 bits
Number of transistors 855,000 at 1 μm
Addressable memory 4 GB
Virtual memory 1 TB
First chip specifically made for portable computers because of low power consumption of chip
Highly integrated, includes cache, bus, and memory controllers

80386EX[edit]

Introduced August 1994
Variant of 80386SX intended for embedded systems
Static core, i.e. may run as slowly (and thus, power efficiently) as desired, down to full halt
On-chip peripherals:
- Clock and power management
- Timers/counters
- Watchdog timer
- Serial I/O units (sync and async) and parallel I/O
- DMA
- RAM refresh
- JTAG test logic
Significantly more successful than the 80376
Used aboard several orbiting satellites and microsatellites
Used in NASA's FlightLinux project

32-bit processors: the 80486 range[edit]

80486DX[edit]

Introduced April 10, 1989
Clock rates:
- 25 MHz with 20 MIPS (16.8 SPECint92, 7.40 SPECfp92)
- 33 MHz with 27 MIPS (22.4 SPECint92 on Micronics M4P 128 KB L2), introduced May 7, 1990
- 50 MHz with 41 MIPS (33.4 SPECint92, 14.5 SPECfp92 on Compaq/50L 256 KB L2), introduced June 24, 1991
Bus width 32 bits
Number of transistors 1.2 million at 1 μm; the 50 MHz was at 0.8 μm
Addressable memory 4 GB
Virtual memory 1 TB
Level 1 cache of 8 KB on chip
Math coprocessor on chip
50X performance of the 8088
Officially named Intel486 DX
Used in Desktop computing and servers
Family 4 model 1

80486SX[edit]

Introduced April 22, 1991
Clock rates:
- 16 MHz with 13 MIPS
- 20 MHz with 16.5 MIPS, introduced September 16, 1991
- 25 MHz with 20 MIPS (12 SPECint92), introduced September 16, 1991
- 33 MHz with 27 MIPS (15.86 SPECint92), introduced September 21, 1992
Bus width 32 bits
Number of transistors 1.185 million at 1 μm and 900,000 at 0.8 μm
Addressable memory 4 GB
Virtual memory 1 TB
Identical in design to 486DX but without math coprocessor. The first version was an 80486DX with disabled math coprocessor in the chip and different pin configuration. If the user needed math coprocessor capabilities, he must add 487SX which was actually an 486DX with different pin configuration to prevent the user from installing a 486DX instead of 487SX, so with this configuration 486SX+487SX you had 2 identical CPU's with only 1 effectively turned on
Officially named Intel486 SX
Used in low-cost entry to 486 CPU desktop computing, as well as extensively used in low cost mobile computing.
Upgradable with the Intel OverDrive processor
Family 4 model 2

80486DX2[edit]

Introduced March 3, 1992

Runs at twice the speed of the external bus (FSB). Fits on Socket 3

Clock rates:
- 40 MHz
- 50 MHz
- 66 MHz
Officially named Intel486 DX2
Family 4 model 3

80486SL[edit]

Introduced November 9, 1992
Clock rates:
- 20 MHz with 15.4 MIPS
- 25 MHz with 19 MIPS
- 33 MHz with 25 MIPS
Bus width 32 bits
Number of transistors 1.4 million at 0.8 μm
Addressable memory 4 GB
Virtual memory 1 TB
Officially named Intel486 SL
Used in notebook computers
Family 4 model 4

80486DX4[edit]

Introduced March 7, 1994
Clock rates:
- 75 MHz with 53 MIPS (41.3 SPECint92, 20.1 SPECfp92 on Micronics M4P 256 KB L2)
- 100 MHz with 70.7 MIPS (54.59 SPECint92, 26.91 SPECfp92 on Micronics M4P 256 KB L2)
Number of transistors 1.6 million at 0.6 μm
Bus width 32 bits
Addressable memory 4 GB
Virtual memory 64 TB
Pin count 168 PGA Package, 208 sq ftP Package
Officially named Intel486 DX4
Used in high performance entry-level desktops and value notebooks
Family 4 model 8

32-bit processors: P5 microarchitecture[edit]

Original Pentium[edit]

Bus width 64 bits
System bus clock rate 60 or 66 MHz
Address bus 32 bits
Addressable Memory 4 GB
Virtual Memory 1 TB
Superscalar architecture
Runs on 3.3 Volts (except the very first generation "P5")
Used in desktops
8 KB of instruction cache
8 KB of data cache
P5 – 0.8 μm process technology
- Introduced March 22, 1993
- Number of transistors 3.1 million
- The only Pentium running on 5 Volts
- Socket 4 273 pin PGA processor package
- Package dimensions 2.16" × 2.16"
- Family 5 model 1
- Variants
  - 60 MHz with 100 MIPS (70.4 SPECint92, 55.1 SPECfp92 on Xpress 256 KB L2)
  - 66 MHz with 112 MIPS (77.9 SPECint92, 63.6 SPECfp92 on Xpress 256 KB L2)
P54 – 0.6 μm process technology
- Socket 5 296/320 pin PGA package
- Number of transistors 3.2 million
- Variants
  - 75 MHz with 126.5 MIPS (2.31 SPECint95, 2.02 SPECfp95 on Gateway P5 256K L2)
    - Introduced October 10, 1994
  - 90, 100 MHz with 149.8 and 166.3 MIPS respectively (2.74 SPECint95, 2.39 SPECfp95 on Gateway P5 256K L2 and 3.30 SPECint95, 2.59 SPECfp95 on Xpress 1ML2 respectively)
    - Introduced March 7, 1994
P54CQS – 0.35 μm process technology
- Socket 5 296/320 pin PGA package
- Number of transistors 3.2 million
- Variants
  - 120 MHz with 203 MIPS (3.72 SPECint95, 2.81 SPECfp95 on Xpress 1MB L2)
    - Introduced March 27, 1995
P54CS – 0.35 μm process technology
- Number of transistors 3.3 million
- 90 mm² die size
- Family 5 model 2
- Variants
- Socket 5 296/320 pin PGA package
  - 133 MHz with 218.9 MIPS (4.14 SPECint95, 3.12 SPECfp95 on Xpress 1MB L2)
    - Introduced June 12, 1995
  - 150, 166 MHz with 230 and 247 MIPS respectively
    - Introduced January 4, 1996
- Socket 7 296/321 pin PGA package
  - 200 MHz with 270 MIPS (5.47 SPECint95, 3.68 SPECfp95)
    - Introduced June 10, 1996

Pentium with MMX Technology[edit]

P55C – 0.35 μm process technology
- Introduced January 8, 1997
- Intel MMX (instruction set) support
- Socket 7 296/321 pin PGA (pin grid array) package
- 16 KB L1 instruction cache
- 16 KB L1 data cache
- Number of transistors 4.5 million
- System bus clock rate 66 MHz
- Basic P55C is family 5 model 4, mobile are family 5 model 7 and 8
- Variants
  - 166, 200 MHz Introduced January 8, 1997
  - 233 MHz Introduced June 2, 1997
  - 133 MHz (Mobile)
  - 166, 266 MHz (Mobile) Introduced January 12, 1998
  - 200, 233 MHz (Mobile) Introduced September 8, 1997
  - 300 MHz (Mobile) Introduced January 7, 1999

32-bit processors: P6/Pentium M microarchitecture[edit]

Pentium Pro[edit]

Introduced November 1, 1995
Precursor to Pentium II and III
Primarily used in server systems
Socket 8 processor package (387 pins) (Dual SPGA)
Number of transistors 5.5 million
Family 6 model 1
0.6 μm process technology
- 16 KB L1 cache
- 256 KB integrated L2 cache
- 60 MHz system bus clock rate
- Variants
  - 150 MHz
0.35 μm process technology, or 0.35 μm CPU with 0.6 μm L2 cache
- Number of transistors 5.5 million
- 512 KB or 256 KB integrated L2 cache
- 60 or 66 MHz system bus clock rate
- Variants
  - 166 MHz (66 MHz bus clock rate, 512 KB 0.35 μm cache) Introduced November 1, 1995
  - 180 MHz (60 MHz bus clock rate, 256 KB 0.6 μm cache) Introduced November 1, 1995
  - 200 MHz (66 MHz bus clock rate, 256 KB 0.6 μm cache) Introduced November 1, 1995
  - 200 MHz (66 MHz bus clock rate, 512 KB 0.35 μm cache) Introduced November 1, 1995
  - 200 MHz (66 MHz bus clock rate, 1 MB 0.35 μm cache) Introduced August 18, 1997

Pentium II[edit]

Introduced May 7, 1997
Pentium Pro with MMX and improved 16-bit performance
242-pin Slot 1 (SEC) processor package
Voltage identification pins
Number of transistors 7.5 million
32 KB L1 cache
512 KB ¹⁄₂ bandwidth external L2 cache
The only Pentium II that did not have the L2 cache at ¹⁄₂ bandwidth of the core was the Pentium II 450 PE.
Klamath – 0.35 μm process technology (233, 266, 300 MHz)
- 66 MHz system bus clock rate
- Family 6 model 3
- Variants
  - 233, 266, 300 MHz Introduced May 7, 1997
Deschutes – 0.25 μm process technology (333, 350, 400, 450 MHz)
- Introduced January 26, 1998
- 66 MHz system bus clock rate (333 MHz variant), 100 MHz system bus clock rate for all models after
- Family 6 model 5
- Variants
  - 333 MHz Introduced January 26, 1998
  - 350, 400 MHz Introduced April 15, 1998
  - 450 MHz Introduced August 24, 1998
  - 233, 266 MHz (Mobile) Introduced April 2, 1998
  - 333 MHz Pentium II Overdrive processor for Socket 8 Introduced August 10, 1998
  - 300 MHz (Mobile) Introduced September 9, 1998
  - 333 MHz (Mobile) Introduced January 25, 1999

Celeron (Pentium II-based)[edit]

Covington – 0.25 μm process technology
- Introduced April 15, 1998
- 242-pin Slot 1 SEPP (Single Edge Processor Package)
- Number of transistors 7.5 million
- 66 MHz system bus clock rate
- Slot 1
- 32 KB L1 cache
- No L2 cache
- Variants
  - 266 MHz Introduced April 15, 1998
  - 300 MHz Introduced June 9, 1998
Mendocino – 0.25 μm process technology
- Introduced August 24, 1998
- 242-pin Slot 1 SEPP (Single Edge Processor Package), Socket 370 PPGA package
- Number of transistors 19 million
- 66 MHz system bus clock rate
- Slot 1, Socket 370
- 32 KB L1 cache
- 128 KB integrated cache
- Family 6 model 6
- Variants
  - 300, 333 MHz Introduced August 24, 1998
  - 366, 400 MHz Introduced January 4, 1999
  - 433 MHz Introduced March 22, 1999
  - 466 MHz
  - 500 MHz Introduced August 2, 1999
  - 533 MHz Introduced January 4, 2000
  - 266 MHz (Mobile)
  - 300 MHz (Mobile)
  - 333 MHz (Mobile) Introduced April 5, 1999
  - 366 MHz (Mobile)
  - 400 MHz (Mobile)
  - 433 MHz (Mobile)
  - 450 MHz (Mobile) Introduced February 14, 2000
  - 466 MHz (Mobile)
  - 500 MHz (Mobile) Introduced February 14, 2000

Pentium II Xeon (chronological entry)

Introduced June 29, 1998
See main entry

Pentium III[edit]

Katmai – 0.25 μm process technology
- Introduced February 26, 1999
- Improved PII, i.e. P6-based core, now including Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE)
- Number of transistors 9.5 million
- 512 KB ¹⁄₂ bandwidth L2 External cache
- 242-pin Slot 1 SECC2 (Single Edge Contact cartridge 2) processor package
- System Bus clock rate 100 MHz, 133 MHz (B-models)
- Slot 1
- Family 6 model 7
- Variants
  - 450, 500 MHz Introduced February 26, 1999
  - 550 MHz Introduced May 17, 1999
  - 600 MHz Introduced August 2, 1999
  - 533, 600 MHz Introduced (133 MHz bus clock rate) September 27, 1999
Coppermine – 0.18 μm process technology
- Introduced October 25, 1999
- Number of transistors 28.1 million
- 256 KB Advanced Transfer L2 Cache (Integrated)
- 242-pin Slot-1 SECC2 (Single Edge Contact cartridge 2) processor package, 370-pin FC-PGA (Flip-chip pin grid array) package
- System Bus clock rate 100 MHz (E-models), 133 MHz (EB models)
- Slot 1, Socket 370
- Family 6 model 8
- Variants
  - 500 MHz (100 MHz bus clock rate)
  - 533 MHz
  - 550 MHz (100 MHz bus clock rate)
  - 600 MHz
  - 600 MHz (100 MHz bus clock rate)
  - 650 MHz (100 MHz bus clock rate) Introduced October 25, 1999
  - 667 MHz Introduced October 25, 1999
  - 700 MHz (100 MHz bus clock rate) Introduced October 25, 1999
  - 733 MHz Introduced October 25, 1999
  - 750, 800 MHz (100 MHz bus clock rate) Introduced December 20, 1999
  - 850 MHz (100 MHz bus clock rate) Introduced March 20, 2000
  - 866 MHz Introduced March 20, 2000
  - 933 MHz Introduced May 24, 2000
  - 1000 MHz Introduced March 8, 2000 (not widely available at time of release)
  - 1100 MHz
  - 1133 MHz (first version recalled, later re-released)
  - 400, 450, 500 MHz (Mobile) Introduced October 25, 1999
  - 600, 650 MHz (Mobile) Introduced January 18, 2000
  - 700 MHz (Mobile) Introduced April 24, 2000
  - 750 MHz (Mobile) Introduced June 19, 2000
  - 800, 850 MHz (Mobile) Introduced September 25, 2000
  - 900, 1000 MHz (Mobile) Introduced March 19, 2001
Tualatin – 0.13 μm process technology
- Introduced July 2001
- Number of transistors 28.1 million
- 32 KB L1 cache
- 256 KB or 512 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache (integrated)
- 370-pin FC-PGA2 (flip-chip pin grid array) package
- 133 MHz system bus clock rate
- Socket 370
- Family 6 model 11
- Variants
  - 1133 MHz (256 KB L2)
  - 1133 MHz (512 KB L2)
  - 1200 MHz
  - 1266 MHz (512 KB L2)
  - 1333 MHz
  - 1400 MHz (512 KB L2)

Pentium II and III Xeon[edit]

PII Xeon
- Variants
  - 400 MHz Introduced June 29, 1998
  - 450 MHz (512 KB L2 Cache) Introduced October 6, 1998
  - 450 MHz (1 MB and 2 MB L2 Cache) Introduced January 5, 1999
PIII Xeon
- Introduced October 25, 1999
- Number of transistors: 9.5 million at 0.25 μm or 28 million at 0.18 μm
- L2 cache is 256 KB, 1 MB, or 2 MB Advanced Transfer Cache (Integrated)
- Processor Package Style is Single Edge Contact Cartridge (S.E.C.C.2) or SC330
- System Bus clock rate 133 MHz (256 KB L2 cache) or 100 MHz (1–2 MB L2 cache)
- System Bus width 64 bits
- Addressable memory 64 GB
- Used in two-way servers and workstations (256 KB L2) or 4- and 8-way servers (1–2 MB L2)
- Family 6 model 10
- Variants
  - 500 MHz (0.25 μm process) Introduced March 17, 1999
  - 550 MHz (0.25 μm process) Introduced August 23, 1999
  - 600 MHz (0.18 μm process, 256 KB L2 cache) Introduced October 25, 1999
  - 667 MHz (0.18 μm process, 256 KB L2 cache) Introduced October 25, 1999
  - 733 MHz (0.18 μm process, 256 KB L2 cache) Introduced October 25, 1999
  - 800 MHz (0.18 μm process, 256 KB L2 cache) Introduced January 12, 2000
  - 866 MHz (0.18 μm process, 256 KB L2 cache) Introduced April 10, 2000
  - 933 MHz (0.18 μm process, 256 KB L2 cache)
  - 1000 MHz (0.18 μm process, 256 KB L2 cache) Introduced August 22, 2000
  - 700 MHz (0.18 μm process, 1–2 MB L2 cache) Introduced May 22, 2000

Celeron (Pentium III Coppermine-based)[edit]

Coppermine-128, 0.18 μm process technology
- Introduced March, 2000
- Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE)
- Socket 370, FC-PGA processor package
- Number of transistors: 28.1 million
- 66 MHz system bus clock rate, 100 MHz system bus clock rate from January 3, 2001
- 32 kB L1 cache
- 128 kB Advanced Transfer L2 cache
- Family 6 model 8
- Variants
  - 533 MHz
  - 566 MHz
  - 600 MHz
  - 633, 667, 700 MHz Introduced June 26, 2000
  - 733, 766 MHz Introduced November 13, 2000
  - 800 MHz Introduced January 3, 2001
  - 850 MHz Introduced April 9, 2001
  - 900 MHz Introduced July 2, 2001
  - 950, 1000, 1100 MHz Introduced August 31, 2001
  - 550 MHz (Mobile)
  - 600, 650 MHz (Mobile) Introduced June 19, 2000
  - 700 MHz (Mobile) Introduced September 25, 2000
  - 750 MHz (Mobile) Introduced March 19, 2001
  - 800 MHz (Mobile)
  - 850 MHz (Mobile) Introduced July 2, 2001
  - 600 MHz (LV Mobile)
  - 500 MHz (ULV Mobile) Introduced January 30, 2001
  - 600 MHz (ULV Mobile)

XScale (chronological entry - non-x86 architecture)

Introduced August 23, 2000
See main entry

Pentium 4 (not 4EE, 4E, 4F), Itanium, P4-based Xeon, Itanium 2 (chronological entries)

Introduced April 2000 – July 2002
See main entries

Celeron (Pentium III Tualatin-based)[edit]

Tualatin Celeron – 0.13 μm process technology
- 32 KB L1 cache
- 256 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache
- 100 MHz system bus clock rate
- Socket 370
- Family 6 model 11
- Variants
  - 1.0 GHz
  - 1.1 GHz
  - 1.2 GHz
  - 1.3 GHz
  - 1.4 GHz

Pentium M[edit]

Banias 0.13 μm process technology
- Introduced March 2003
- 64 KB L1 cache
- 1 MB L2 cache (integrated)
- Based on Pentium III core, with SSE2 SIMD instructions and deeper pipeline
- Number of transistors 77 million
- Micro-FCPGA, Micro-FCBGA processor package
- Heart of the Intel mobile Centrino system
- 400 MHz Netburst-style system bus
- Family 6 model 9
- Variants
  - 900 MHz (ultra low voltage)
  - 1.0 GHz (ultra low voltage)
  - 1.1 GHz (low voltage)
  - 1.2 GHz (low voltage)
  - 1.3 GHz
  - 1.4 GHz
  - 1.5 GHz
  - 1.6 GHz
  - 1.7 GHz
Dothan 0.09 μm (90 nm) process technology
- Introduced May 2004
- 2 MB L2 cache
- 140 million transistors
- Revised data prefetch unit
- 400 MHz Netburst-style system bus
- 21W TDP
- Family 6 model 13
- Variants
  - 1.00 GHz (Pentium M 723) (ultra low voltage, 5W TDP)
  - 1.10 GHz (Pentium M 733) (ultra low voltage, 5W TDP)
  - 1.20 GHz (Pentium M 753) (ultra low voltage, 5W TDP)
  - 1.30 GHz (Pentium M 718) (low voltage, 10W TDP)
  - 1.40 GHz (Pentium M 738) (low voltage, 10W TDP)
  - 1.50 GHz (Pentium M 758) (low voltage, 10W TDP)
  - 1.60 GHz (Pentium M 778) (low voltage, 10W TDP)
  - 1.40 GHz (Pentium M 710)
  - 1.50 GHz (Pentium M 715)
  - 1.60 GHz (Pentium M 725)
  - 1.70 GHz (Pentium M 735)
  - 1.80 GHz (Pentium M 745)
  - 2.00 GHz (Pentium M 755)
  - 2.10 GHz (Pentium M 765)
Dothan 533 0.09 μm (90 nm) process technology
- Introduced Q1 2005
- Same as Dothan except with a 533 MHz NetBurst-style system bus and 27W TDP
- Variants
  - 1.60 GHz (Pentium M 730)
  - 1.73 GHz (Pentium M 740)
  - 1.86 GHz (Pentium M 750)
  - 2.00 GHz (Pentium M 760)
  - 2.13 GHz (Pentium M 770)
  - 2.26 GHz (Pentium M 780)
Stealey 0.09 μm (90 nm) process technology
- Introduced Q2 2007
- 512 KB L2, 3W TDP
- Variants
  - 600 MHz (A100)
  - 800 MHz (A110)

Celeron M[edit]

Banias-512 0.13 μm process technology
- Introduced March 2003
- 64 KB L1 cache
- 512 KB L2 cache (integrated)
- SSE2 SIMD instructions
- No SpeedStep technology, is not part of the 'Centrino' package
- Family 6 model 9
- Variants
  - 310 – 1.20 GHz
  - 320 – 1.30 GHz
  - 330 – 1.40 GHz
  - 340 – 1.50 GHz
Dothan-1024 90 nm process technology
- 64 KB L1 cache
- 1 MB L2 cache (integrated)
- SSE2 SIMD instructions
- No SpeedStep technology, is not part of the 'Centrino' package
- Variants
  - 350 – 1.30 GHz
  - 350J – 1.30 GHz, with Execute Disable bit
  - 360 – 1.40 GHz
  - 360J – 1.40 GHz, with Execute Disable bit
  - 370 – 1.50 GHz, with Execute Disable bit
    - Family 6, Model 13, Stepping 8^[5]
  - 380 – 1.60 GHz, with Execute Disable bit
  - 390 – 1.70 GHz, with Execute Disable bit
Yonah-1024 65 nm process technology
- 64 KB L1 cache
- 1 MB L2 cache (integrated)
- SSE3 SIMD instructions, 533 MHz front-side bus, execute-disable bit
- No SpeedStep technology, is not part of the 'Centrino' package
- Variants
  - 410 – 1.46 GHz
  - 420 – 1.60 GHz,
  - 423 – 1.06 GHz (ultra low voltage)
  - 430 – 1.73 GHz
  - 440 – 1.86 GHz
  - 443 – 1.20 GHz (ultra low voltage)
  - 450 – 2.00 GHz

Intel Core[edit]

Yonah 0.065 μm (65 nm) process technology
- Introduced January 2006
- 533/667 MHz front side bus
- 2 MB (Shared on Duo) L2 cache
- SSE3 SIMD instructions
- 31W TDP (T versions)
- Family 6, Model 14
- Variants:
  - Intel Core Duo T2700 2.33 GHz
  - Intel Core Duo T2600 2.16 GHz
  - Intel Core Duo T2500 2 GHz
  - Intel Core Duo T2450 2 GHz
  - Intel Core Duo T2400 1.83 GHz
  - Intel Core Duo T2300 1.66 GHz
  - Intel Core Duo T2050 1.6 GHz
  - Intel Core Duo T2300e 1.66 GHz
  - Intel Core Duo T2080 1.73 GHz
  - Intel Core Duo L2500 1.83 GHz (low voltage, 15W TDP)
  - Intel Core Duo L2400 1.66 GHz (low voltage, 15W TDP)
  - Intel Core Duo L2300 1.5 GHz (low voltage, 15W TDP)
  - Intel Core Duo U2500 1.2 GHz (ultra low voltage, 9W TDP)
  - Intel Core Solo T1350 1.86 GHz (533 FSB)
  - Intel Core Solo T1300 1.66 GHz
  - Intel Core Solo T1200 1.5 GHz^[6]

Dual-Core Xeon LV[edit]

Sossaman 0.065 μm (65 nm) process technology
- Introduced March 2006
- Based on Yonah core, with SSE3 SIMD instructions
- 667 MHz frontside bus
- 2 MB Shared L2 cache
- Variants
  - 2.0 GHz

32-bit processors: NetBurst microarchitecture[edit]

Pentium 4[edit]

0.18 μm process technology (1.40 and 1.50 GHz)
- Introduced November 20, 2000
- L2 cache was 256 KB Advanced Transfer Cache (Integrated)
- Processor Package Style was PGA423, PGA478
- System Bus clock rate 400 MHz
- SSE2 SIMD Extensions
- Number of transistors 42 million
- Used in desktops and entry-level workstations
0.18 μm process technology (1.7 GHz)
- Introduced April 23, 2001
- See the 1.4 and 1.5 chips for details
0.18 μm process technology (1.6 and 1.8 GHz)
- Introduced July 2, 2001
- See 1.4 and 1.5 chips for details
- Core Voltage is 1.15 volts in Maximum Performance Mode; 1.05 volts in Battery Optimized Mode
- Power <1 watt in Battery Optimized Mode
- Used in full-size and then light mobile PCs
0.18 μm process technology Willamette (1.9 and 2.0 GHz)
- Introduced August 27, 2001
- See 1.4 and 1.5 chips for details
Family 15 model 1
Pentium 4 (2 GHz, 2.20 GHz)
- Introduced January 7, 2002
Pentium 4 (2.4 GHz)
- Introduced April 2, 2002
0.13 μm process technology Northwood A (1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.8(OEM),3.0(OEM) GHz)
- Improved branch prediction and other microcodes tweaks
- 512 KB integrated L2 cache
- Number of transistors 55 million
- 400 MHz system bus.
Family 15 model 2
0.13 μm process technology Northwood B (2.26, 2.4, 2.53, 2.66, 2.8, 3.06 GHz)
- 533 MHz system bus. (3.06 includes Intel's Hyper-Threading technology).
0.13 μm process technology Northwood C (2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, 3.4 GHz)
- 800 MHz system bus (all versions include Hyper-Threading)
- 6500 to 10,000 MIPS

Itanium (chronological entry - new non-x86 architecture)

Introduced 2001
See main entry

Xeon[edit]

Official designation now Xeon, i.e. not "Pentium 4 Xeon"
Xeon 1.4, 1.5, 1.7 GHz
- Introduced May 21, 2001
- L2 cache was 256 KB Advanced Transfer Cache (Integrated)
- Processor Package Style was Organic Land Grid Array 603 (OLGA 603)
- System Bus clock rate 400 MHz
- SSE2 SIMD Extensions
- Used in high-performance and mid-range dual processor enabled workstations
Xeon 2.0 GHz and up to 3.6 GHz
- Introduced September 25, 2001

Itanium 2 (chronological entry - new non-x86 architecture)

Introduced July 2002
See main entry

Mobile Pentium 4-M[edit]

0.13 μm process technology
55 million transistors
cache L2 512 KB
BUS a 400 MHz
Supports up to 1 GB of DDR 266 MHz Memory
Supports ACPI 2.0 and APM 1.2 System Power Management
1.3 V – 1.2 V (SpeedStep)
Power: 1.2 GHz 20.8 W, 1.6 GHz 30 W, 2.6 GHz 35 W
Sleep Power 5 W (1.2 V)
Deeper Sleep Power = 2.9 W (1.0 V)

- 1.40 GHz – 23 April 2002
- 1.50 GHz – 23 April 2002
- 1.60 GHz – 4 March 2002
- 1.70 GHz – 4 March 2002
- 1.80 GHz – 23 April 2002
- 1.90 GHz – 24 June 2002
- 2.00 GHz – 24 June 2002
- 2.20 GHz – 16 September 2002
- 2.40 GHz – 14 January 2003
- 2.50 GHz – 16 April 2003
- 2.60 GHz – 11 June 2003

Pentium 4 EE[edit]

Introduced September 2003
EE = "Extreme Edition"
Built from the Xeon's "Gallatin" core, but with 2 MB cache

Pentium 4E[edit]

Introduced February 2004
built on 0.09 μm (90 nm) process technology Prescott (2.4A, 2.8, 2.8A, 3.0, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8) 1 MB L2 cache
533 MHz system bus (2.4A and 2.8A only)
Number of transistors 125 million on 1 MB Models
Number of transistors 169 million on 2 MB Models
800 MHz system bus (all other models)
Hyper-Threading support is only available on CPUs using the 800 MHz system bus.
The processor's integer instruction pipeline has been increased from 20 stages to 31 stages, which theoretically allows for even greater bandwidth.
7500 to 11,000 MIPS
LGA 775 versions are in the 5xx series (32-bit) and 5x1 series (with Intel 64)
The 6xx series has 2 MB L2 cache and Intel 64

Pentium 4F[edit]

Introduced Spring 2004
Same core as 4E, "Prescott"
3.2–3.6 GHz
Starting with the D0 stepping of this processor, Intel 64 64-bit extensions has also been incorporated

64-bit processors: IA-64[edit]

New instruction set, not at all related to x86.
Before the feature was eliminated (Montecito, July 2006) IA-64 processors supported 32-bit x86 in hardware, but slowly (see its 2001 market reception and 2006 architectural changes).^{[dubious – discuss]}

Itanium[edit]

Code name Merced
Family 7
Released May 29, 2001
733 MHz and 800 MHz
2MB cache
All recalled and replaced by Itanium 2

Itanium 2[edit]

Family 0x1F
Released July 2002
900 MHz – 1.6 GHz
McKinley 900 MHz 1.5 MB cache, Model 0x0
McKinley 1 GHz, 3 MB cache, Model 0x0
Deerfield 1 GHz, 1.5 MB cache, Model 0x1
Madison 1.3 GHz, 3 MB cache, Model 0x1
Madison 1.4 GHz, 4 MB cache, Model 0x1
Madison 1.5 GHz, 6 MB cache, Model 0x1
Madison 1.67 GHz, 9 MB cache, Model 0x1
Hondo 1.4 GHz, 4 MB cache, dual-core MCM, Model 0x1

64-bit processors: Intel 64 – NetBurst microarchitecture[edit]

Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology
Mostly compatible with AMD's AMD64 architecture
Introduced Spring 2004, with the Pentium 4F (D0 and later P4 steppings)

Pentium 4F[edit]

Prescott-2M built on 0.09 μm (90 nm) process technology
2.8–3.8 GHz (model numbers 6x0)
Introduced February 20, 2005
Same features as Prescott with the addition of:
- 2 MB cache
- Intel 64-bit
- Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST)
Cedar Mill built on 0.065 μm (65 nm) process technology
3.0–3.6 (model numbers 6x1)
Introduced January 16, 2006
Die shrink of Prescott-2M
Same features as Prescott-2M
Family 15 Model 4

Pentium D[edit]

Main article: List of Intel Pentium D microprocessors

Dual-core microprocessor
No Hyper-Threading
800(4×200) MHz front side bus
LGA 775 (Socket T)

Smithfield – 90 nm process technology (2.66–3.2 GHz)
- Introduced May 26, 2005
- 2.66–3.2 GHz (model numbers 805–840)
- Number of transistors 230 million
- 1 MB × 2 (non-shared, 2 MB total) L2 cache
- Cache coherency between cores requires communication over the FSB
- Performance increase of 60% over similarly clocked Prescott
- 2.66 GHz (533 MHz FSB) Pentium D 805 introduced December 2005
- Contains 2x Prescott dies in one package
- Family 15 Model 4

Presler – 65 nm process technology (2.8–3.6 GHz)
- Introduced January 16, 2006
- 2.8–3.6 GHz (model numbers 915–960)
- Number of transistors 376 million
- 2 MB × 2 (non-shared, 4 MB total) L2 cache
- Contains 2x Cedar Mill dies in one package
- Variants
  - Pentium D 945

Pentium Extreme Edition[edit]

Dual-core microprocessor
Enabled Hyper-Threading
800(4×200) MHz front side bus

Smithfield – 90 nm process technology (3.2 GHz)
- Variants
  - Pentium 840 EE – 3.20 GHz (2 × 1 MB L2)

Presler – 65 nm process technology (3.46, 3.73)
- 2 MB × 2 (non-shared, 4 MB total) L2 cache
- Variants
  - Pentium 955 EE – 3.46 GHz, 1066 MHz front side bus
  - Pentium 965 EE – 3.73 GHz, 1066 MHz front side bus
  - Pentium 969 EE – 3.73 GHz, 1066 MHz front side bus

Xeon[edit]

Nocona
- Introduced 2004

Irwindale
- Introduced 2004

Cranford
- Introduced April 2005
- MP version of Nocona

Potomac
- Introduced April 2005
- Cranford with 8 MB of L3 cache

Paxville DP (2.8 GHz)
- Introduced October 10, 2005
- Dual-core version of Irwindale, with 4 MB of L2 Cache (2 MB per core)
- 2.8 GHz
- 800 MT/s front side bus

Paxville MP – 90 nm process (2.67 – 3.0 GHz)
- Introduced November 1, 2005
- Dual-core Xeon 7000 series
- MP-capable version of Paxville DP
- 2 MB of L2 Cache (1 MB per core) or 4 MB of L2 (2 MB per core)
- 667 MT/s FSB or 800 MT/s FSB

Dempsey – 65 nm process (2.67 – 3.73 GHz)
- Introduced May 23, 2006
- Dual-core Xeon 5000 series
- MP version of Presler
- 667 MT/s or 1066 MT/s FSB
- 4 MB of L2 Cache (2 MB per core)
- LGA 771 (Socket J).

Tulsa – 65 nm process (2.5 – 3.4 GHz)
- Introduced August 29, 2006
- Dual-core Xeon 7100-series
- Improved version of Paxville MP
- 667 MT/s or 800 MT/s FSB

64-bit processors: Intel 64 – Core microarchitecture[edit]

Woodcrest – 65 nm process technology
- Server and Workstation CPU (SMP support for dual CPU system)
- Introduced June 26, 2006
- Dual-core
- Intel VT-x, multiple OS support
- EIST (Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology) in 5140, 5148LV, 5150, 5160
- Execute Disable Bit
- TXT, enhanced security hardware extensions
- SSSE3 SIMD instructions
- iAMT2 (Intel Active Management Technology), remotely manage computers
- Variants
  - Xeon 5160 – 3.00 GHz (4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 80 W)
  - Xeon 5150 – 2.66 GHz (4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65 W)
  - Xeon 5140 – 2.33 GHz (4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65 W)
  - Xeon 5130 – 2.00 GHz (4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65 W)
  - Xeon 5120 – 1.86 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB, 65 W)
  - Xeon 5110 – 1.60 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB, 65 W)
  - Xeon 5148LV – 2.33 GHz (4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 40 W) (low voltage edition)

Clovertown – 65 nm process technology
- Server and Workstation CPU (SMP support for dual CPU system)
- Introduced December 13, 2006
- Quad-core
- Intel VT-x, multiple OS support
- EIST (Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology) in E5365, L5335
- Execute Disable Bit
- TXT, enhanced security hardware extensions
- SSSE3 SIMD instructions
- iAMT2 (Intel Active Management Technology), remotely manage computers
- Variants
  - Xeon X5355 – 2.66 GHz (2×4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 105 W)
  - Xeon E5345 – 2.33 GHz (2×4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 80 W)
  - Xeon E5335 – 2.00 GHz (2×4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 80 W)
  - Xeon E5320 – 1.86 GHz (2×4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB, 65 W)
  - Xeon E5310 – 1.60 GHz (2×4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB, 65 W)
  - Xeon L5320 – 1.86 GHz (2×4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB, 50 W) (low voltage edition)

Intel Core 2[edit]

Conroe – 65 nm process technology
- Desktop CPU (SMP support restricted to 2 CPUs)
- Two cores on one die
- Introduced July 27, 2006
- SSSE3 SIMD instructions
- Number of transistors: 291 million
- 64 KB of L1 cache per core (32+32 KB 8-way)
- Intel VT-x, multiple OS support
- TXT, enhanced security hardware extensions
- Execute Disable Bit
- EIST (Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology)
- iAMT2 (Intel Active Management Technology), remotely manage computers
- LGA 775
- Variants
  - Core 2 Duo E6850 – 3.00 GHz (4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E6800 – 2.93 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E6750 – 2.67 GHz (4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W)
  - Core 2 Duo E6700 – 2.67 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E6600 – 2.40 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB, 65W)
  - Core 2 Duo E6550 – 2.33 GHz (4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E6420 – 2.13 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E6400 – 2.13 GHz (2 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E6320 – 1.86 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB) Family 6, Model 15, Stepping 6
  - Core 2 Duo E6300 – 1.86 GHz (2 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)

Conroe XE – 65 nm process technology
- Desktop Extreme Edition CPU (SMP support restricted to 2 CPUs)
- Introduced July 27, 2006
- same features as Conroe
- LGA 775
- Variants
  - Core 2 Extreme X6800 – 2.93 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)

Allendale – 65 nm process technology
- Desktop CPU (SMP support restricted to 2 CPUs)
- Two CPUs on one die
- Introduced January 21, 2007
- SSSE3 SIMD instructions
- Number of transistors 167 million
- TXT, enhanced security hardware extensions
- Execute Disable Bit
- EIST (Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology)
- iAMT2 (Intel Active Management Technology), remotely manage computers
- LGA 775
- Variants
  - Core 2 Duo E4700 – 2.60 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E4600 – 2.40 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E4500 – 2.20 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E4400 – 2.00 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E4300 – 1.80 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB) Family 6, Model 15, Stepping 2

Merom – 65 nm process technology
- Mobile CPU (SMP support restricted to 2 CPUs)
- Introduced July 27, 2006
- Family 6, Model 15
- same features as Conroe
- Socket M / Socket P
- Variants
  - Core 2 Duo T7800 – 2.60 GHz (4 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB) (Santa Rosa platform)
  - Core 2 Duo T7700 – 2.40 GHz (4 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo T7600 – 2.33 GHz (4 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo T7500 – 2.20 GHz (4 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo T7400 – 2.16 GHz (4 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo T7300 – 2.00 GHz (4 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo T7250 – 2.00 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo T7200 – 2.00 GHz (4 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo T7100 – 1.80 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo T5600 – 1.83 GHz (2 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB) Family 6, Model 15, Stepping 6
  - Core 2 Duo T5550 – 1.83 GHz (2 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB, no VT)
  - Core 2 Duo T5500 – 1.66 GHz (2 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB, no VT)
  - Core 2 Duo T5470 – 1.60 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB, no VT) Family 6, Model 15, Stepping 13
  - Core 2 Duo T5450 – 1.66 GHz (2 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB, no VT)
  - Core 2 Duo T5300 – 1.73 GHz (2 MB L2, 533 MHz FSB, no VT)
  - Core 2 Duo T5270 – 1.40 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB, no VT)
  - Core 2 Duo T5250 – 1.50 GHz (2 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB, no VT)
  - Core 2 Duo T5200 – 1.60 GHz (2 MB L2, 533 MHz FSB, no VT)
  - Core 2 Duo L7500 – 1.60 GHz (4 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB) (low voltage)
  - Core 2 Duo L7400 – 1.50 GHz (4 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB) (low voltage)
  - Core 2 Duo L7300 – 1.40 GHz (4 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB) (low voltage)
  - Core 2 Duo L7200 – 1.33 GHz (4 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB) (low voltage)
  - Core 2 Duo U7700 – 1.33 GHz (2 MB L2, 533 MHz FSB) (ultra low voltage)
  - Core 2 Duo U7600 – 1.20 GHz (2 MB L2, 533 MHz FSB) (ultra low voltage)
  - Core 2 Duo U7500 – 1.06 GHz (2 MB L2, 533 MHz FSB) (ultra low voltage)

Kentsfield – 65 nm process technology
- Two dual-core CPU dies in one package.
- Desktop CPU quad-core (SMP support restricted to 4 CPUs)
- Introduced December 13, 2006
- same features as Conroe but with 4 CPU cores
- Number of transistors 586 million
- LGA 775
- Family 6, Model 15, Stepping 11
- Variants
  - Core 2 Extreme QX6850 – 3 GHz (2×4 MB L2 Cache, 1333 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Extreme QX6800 – 2.93 GHz (2×4 MB L2 Cache, 1066 MHz FSB) (April 9, 2007)
  - Core 2 Extreme QX6700 – 2.66 GHz (2×4 MB L2 Cache, 1066 MHz FSB) (November 14, 2006)
  - Core 2 Quad Q6700 – 2.66 GHz (2×4 MB L2 Cache, 1066 MHz FSB) (July 22, 2007)
  - Core 2 Quad Q6600 – 2.40 GHz (2×4 MB L2 Cache, 1066 MHz FSB) (January 7, 2007)

Wolfdale – 45 nm process technology
- Die shrink of Conroe
- Same features as Conroe with the addition of:
  - 50% more cache, 6 MB as opposed to 4 MB
  - Intel Trusted Execution Technology
  - SSE4 SIMD instructions
- Number of transistors 410 million
- Variants
  - Core 2 Duo E8600 – 3.33 GHz (6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E8500 – 3.16 GHz (6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E8435 – 3.07 GHz (6 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E8400 – 3.00 GHz (6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E8335 – 2.93 GHz (6 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E8300 – 2.83 GHz (6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E8235 – 2.80 GHz (6 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E8200 – 2.66 GHz (6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E8135 – 2.66 GHz (6 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E8190 – 2.66 GHz (6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, no TXT, no VT)

Wolfdale-3M – 45 nm process technology
- Intel Trusted Execution Technology
- Variants
  - Core 2 Duo E7600 – 3.06 GHz (3 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E7500 – 2.93 GHz (3 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E7400 – 2.80 GHz (3 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E7300 – 2.66 GHz (3 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Duo E7200 – 2.53 GHz (3 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)

Yorkfield – 45 nm process technology
- Quad-core CPU
- Die shrink of Kentsfield
- Contains 2x Wolfdale dual-core dies in one package
- Same features as Wolfdale
- Number of transistors 820 million
- Variants
  - Core 2 Extreme QX9770 – 3.20 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1600 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Extreme QX9650 – 3.00 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9705 – 3.16 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9700 – 3.16 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9650 – 3 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9550 – 2.83 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9550s – 2.83 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9450 – 2.66 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9505 – 2.83 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9505s – 2.83 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9500 – 2.83 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP, no TXT)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9400 – 2.66 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9400s – 2.66 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9300 – 2.50 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q8400 – 2.66 GHz (2×2 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q8400s – 2.66 GHz (2×2 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q8300 – 2.50 GHz (2×2 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q8300s – 2.50 GHz (2×2 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q8200 – 2.33 GHz (2×2 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q8200s – 2.33 GHz (2×2 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q7600 – 2.70 GHz (2×1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB, no SSE4) (no Q7600 listed here)

Intel Core2 Quad Mobile Processor Family – 45 nm process technology
- Quad-core CPU
- Variants
  - Core 2 Quad Q9100 – 2.26 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB, 45W TDP)
  - Core 2 Quad Q9000 – 2.00 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB, 45W TDP)

Pentium Dual-Core[edit]

Allendale – 65 nm process technology
- Desktop CPU (SMP support restricted to 2 CPUs)
- Two cores on one die
- Introduced January 21, 2007
- SSSE3 SIMD instructions
- Number of transistors 167 million
- TXT, enhanced security hardware extensions
- Execute Disable Bit
- EIST (Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology)
- Variants
  - Intel Pentium E2220 – 2.40 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Pentium E2200 – 2.20 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Pentium E2180 – 2.00 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Pentium E2160 – 1.80 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Pentium E2140 – 1.60 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Wolfdale-3M 45 nm process technology
- Intel Pentium E6800 – 3.33 GHz (2 MB L2,1066 MHz FSB)
- Intel Pentium E6700 – 3.20 GHz (2 MB L2,1066 MHz FSB)
- Intel Pentium E6600 – 3.06 GHz (2 MB L2,1066 MHz FSB)
- Intel Pentium E6500 – 2.93 GHz (2 MB L2,1066 MHz FSB)
- Intel Pentium E6300 – 2.80 GHz (2 MB L2,1066 MHz FSB)
- Intel Pentium E5800 – 3.20 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
- Intel Pentium E5700 – 3.00 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
- Intel Pentium E5500 – 2.80 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
- Intel Pentium E5400 – 2.70 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
- Intel Pentium E5300 – 2.60 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
- Intel Pentium E5200 – 2.50 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
- Intel Pentium E2210 – 2.20 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)

Celeron[edit]

Allendale – 65 nm process technology
- Variants
  - Intel Celeron E1600 – 2.40 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Celeron E1500 – 2.20 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Celeron E1400 – 2.00 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Celeron E1300 – 1.80 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB) (does it exist?)^{[citation needed]}
  - Intel Celeron E1200 – 1.60 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Wolfdale-3M – 45 nm process technology
- Variants
  - Intel Celeron E3500 – 2.70 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Celeron E3400 – 2.60 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Celeron E3300 – 2.50 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Celeron E3200 – 2.40 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)

Conroe-L – 65 nm process technology
- Variants
  - Intel Celeron 450 – 2.20 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Celeron 440 – 2.00 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Celeron 430 – 1.80 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Celeron 420 – 1.60 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
  - Intel Celeron 220 – 1.20 GHz (512 KB L2, 533 MHz FSB)
Conroe-CL – 65 nm process technology
- LGA 771 package
- Variants
  - Intel Celeron 445 – 1.87 GHz (512 KB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)

Celeron M[edit]

Merom-L 65 nm process technology
- 64 KB L1 cache
- 1 MB L2 cache (integrated)
- SSE3 SIMD instructions, 533 MHz/667 MHz front-side bus, execute-disable bit, 64-bit
- No SpeedStep technology, is not part of the 'Centrino' package
- Variants
  - 520 – 1.60 GHz
  - 530 – 1.73 GHz
  - 540 – 1.86 GHz
  - 550 – 2.00 GHz
  - 560 – 2.13 GHz
  - 570 – 2.26 GHz

667 MHz FSB

575 – 2.00 GHz
585 – 2.16 GHz

64-bit processors: Intel 64 – Nehalem microarchitecture[edit]

Intel Pentium[edit]

Clarkdale – 32 nm process technology
- 2 physical cores/2 threads
- 3 MB L3 cache
- Introduced January 2010
- Socket 1156 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3
- Integrated HD GPU
- Variants
  - G6950 – 2.8 GHz (no Hyper-Threading)^[7]
  - G6960 – 2.933 GHz (no Hyper-Threading)

Core i3[edit]

Clarkdale – 32 nm process technology
- 2 physical cores/4 threads
- 64 Kb L1 cache
- 512 Kb L2 cache
- 4 MB L3 cache
- Introduced in January 7, 2010
- Socket 1156 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3
- Integrated HD GPU
- Variants
  - 530 – 2.93 GHz Hyper-Threading
  - 540 – 3.06 GHz Hyper-Threading
  - 550 – 3.2 GHz Hyper-Threading
  - 560 – 3.33 GHz Hyper-Threading

Core i5[edit]

Lynnfield – 45 nm process technology
- 4 physical cores
- 32+32 Kb (per core) L1 cache
- 256 Kb (per core) L2 cache
- 8 MB common L3 cache
- Introduced September 8, 2009
- Family 6 Model E (Ext. Model 1E)
- Socket 1156 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3
- Variants
  - 750S – 2.40 GHz/3.20 GHz Turbo Boost
  - 750 – 2.66 GHz/3.20 GHz Turbo Boost
  - 760 – 2.80 GHz/3.33 GHz Turbo Boost

Clarkdale – 32 nm process technology
- 2 physical cores/4 threads
- 64 Kb L1 cache
- 512 Kb L2 cache
- 4 MB L3 cache
- Introduced January, 2010
- Socket 1156 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3
- Integrated HD GPU
- AES Support
- Variants
  - 650/655K – 3.2 GHz Hyper-Threading Turbo Boost
  - 660/661 – 3.33 GHz Hyper-Threading Turbo Boost
  - 670 – 3.46 GHz Hyper-Threading Turbo Boost
  - 680 – 3.60 GHz Hyper-Threading Turbo Boost

Core i7[edit]

Bloomfield – 45 nm process technology
- 4 physical cores
- 256 KB L2 cache
- 8 MB L3 cache
- Front side bus replaced with QuickPath up to 6.4GT/s
- Hyper-Threading is again included. This had previously been removed at the introduction of Core line
- 781 million transistors
- Intel Turbo Boost Technology
- TDP 130W
- Introduced November 17, 2008
- Socket 1366 LGA
- 3-channel DDR3
- Variants
  - 975 (extreme edition) – 3.33 GHz/3.60 GHz Turbo Boost
  - 965 (extreme edition) – 3.20 GHz/3.46 GHz Turbo Boost
  - 960 – 3.20 GHz/3.46 GHz Turbo Boost
  - 950 – 3.06 GHz/3.33 GHz Turbo Boost
  - 940 – 2.93 GHz/3.20 GHz Turbo Boost
  - 930 – 2.80 GHz/3.06 GHz Turbo Boost
  - 920 – 2.66 GHz/2.93 GHz Turbo Boost
Lynnfield – 45 nm process technology
- 4 physical cores
- 256 KB L2 cache
- 8 MB L3 cache
- No QuickPath, instead compatible with slower DMI interface
- Hyper-Threading is included
- Introduced September 8, 2009
- Socket 1156 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3
- Variants
  - 880 – 3.06 GHz/3.73 GHz Turbo Boost (TDP 95W)
  - 870/875K – 2.93 GHz/3.60 GHz Turbo Boost (TDP 95W)
  - 870S – 2.67 GHz/3.60 GHz Turbo Boost (TDP 82W)
  - 860 – 2.80 GHz/3.46 GHz Turbo Boost (TDP 95W)
  - 860S – 2.53 GHz/3.46 GHz Turbo Boost (TDP 82W)

TODO: Westmere

Gulftown – 32 nm process technology
- 6 physical cores
- 256 KB L2 cache
- 12 MB L3 cache
- Front side bus replaced with QuickPath up to 6.4GT/s
- Hyper-Threading is included
- Intel Turbo Boost Technology
- Socket 1366 LGA
- TDP 130W
- Introduced 16 March 2010
- Variants
  - 990X Extreme Edition – 3.46 GHz/3.73 GHz Turbo Boost
  - 980X Extreme Edition – 3.33 GHz/3.60 GHz Turbo Boost
  - 970 – 3.20 GHz/3.46 GHz Turbo Boost

Clarksfield – Intel Core i7 Mobile Processor Family – 45 nm process technology
- 4 physical cores
- Hyper-Threading is included
- Intel Turbo Boost Technology
- Variants
  - 940XM Extreme Edition – 2.13 GHz/3.33 GHz Turbo Boost (8 MB L3, TDP 55W)
  - 920XM Extreme Edition – 2.00 GHz/3.20 GHz Turbo Boost (8 MB L3, TDP 55W)
  - 840QM – 1.86 GHz/3.20 GHz Turbo Boost (8 MB L3, TDP 45W)
  - 820QM – 1.73 GHz/3.06 GHz Turbo Boost (8 MB L3, TDP 45W)
  - 740QM – 1.73 GHz/2.93 GHz Turbo Boost (6 MB L3, TDP 45W)
  - 720QM – 1.60 GHz/2.80 GHz Turbo Boost (6 MB L3, TDP 45W)

Xeon[edit]

Gainestown – 45 nm process technology
- Same processor dies as Bloomfield
- 256 KB L2 cache
- 8 MB L3 cache, 4MB may be disabled
- QuickPath up to 6.4GT/s
- Hyper-Threading is included in some models
- 781 million transistors
- Introduced March 29, 2009
- Variants
  - W5590,X5570, X5570, X5560, X5550, E5540, E5530, L5530, E5520, L5520, L5518 – 4 cores, 8 MB L3 cache, HT
  - E5506, L5506, E5504 – 4 cores, 4 MB L3 cache, no HT
  - L5508, E5502, E5502 – 2 cores, 4 MB L3 cache, no HT

64-bit processors: Intel 64 – Sandy Bridge / Ivy Bridge microarchitecture[edit]

This article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2013)

Celeron[edit]

Sandy Bridge – 32 nm process technology
- 2 physical cores/2 threads (500 series), 1 physical core/1 thread (model G440) or 1 physical core/2 threads (models G460 & G465)
- 2 MB L3 cache (500 series), 1 MB (model G440) or 1.5 MB (models G460 & G465)
- Introduced 3rd quarter, 2011
- Socket 1155 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3-1066
- 400 series has max TDP of 35 W
- 500-series variants ending in 'T' have a peak TDP of 35 W, others – 65 W
- Integrated GPU
  - All variants have peak GPU turbo frequencies of 1 GHz
  - Variants in the 400 series have GPUs running at a base frequency of 650 MHz
  - Variants in the 500 series ending in 'T' have GPUs running at a base frequency of 650 MHz; others at 850 MHz
  - All variants have 6 GPU execution units
- Variants
  - G440 – 1.6 GHz
  - G460 – 1.8 GHz
  - G465 – 1.9 GHz
  - G530T – 2.0 GHz
  - G540T – 2.1 GHz
  - G550T – 2.2 GHz
  - G530 – 2.4 GHz
  - G540 – 2.5 GHz
  - G550 – 2.6 GHz
  - G555 – 2.7 GHz

Pentium[edit]

Sandy Bridge – 32 nm process technology
- 2 physical cores/2 threads
- 3 MB L3 cache
- 624 million transistors
- Introduced May, 2011
- Socket 1155 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3-1333 (800 series) or DDR3-1066 (600 series)
- Variants ending in 'T' have a peak TDP of 35 W, others 65 W
- Integrated GPU (HD 2000)
  - All variants have peak GPU turbo frequencies of 1.1 GHz
  - Variants ending in 'T' have GPUs running at a base frequency of 650 MHz; others at 850 MHz
  - All variants have 6 GPU execution units
- Variants
  - G620T – 2.2 GHz
  - G630T – 2.3 GHz
  - G640T – 2.4 GHz
  - G645T – 2.5 GHz
  - G860T – 2.6 GHz
  - G620 – 2.6 GHz
  - G622 – 2.6 GHz
  - G630 – 2.7 GHz
  - G632 – 2.7 GHz
  - G640 – 2.8 GHz
  - G840 – 2.8 GHz
  - G645 – 2.9 GHz
  - G850 – 2.9 GHz
  - G860 – 3.0 GHz
  - G870 – 3.1 GHz

Ivy Bridge – 22 nm Tri-gate transistor process technology
- 2 physical cores/2 threads
- 32+32 Kb (per core) L1 cache
- 256 Kb (per core) L2 cache
- 3 MB L3 cache
- Introduced September, 2012
- Socket 1155 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3-1333 for G2000 series
- 2-channel DDR3-1600 for G2100 series
- All variants have GPU base frequencies of 650 MHz and peak GPU turbo frequencies of 1.05 GHz
- Variants ending in 'T' have a peak TDP of 35 W, others – TDP of 55 W
- Variants
  - G2020T – 2.5 GHz
  - G2030T – 2.6 GHz
  - G2100T – 2.6 GHz
  - G2120T – 2.7 GHz
  - G2020 – 2.9 GHz
  - G2030 – 3.0 GHz
  - G2120 – 3.1 GHz
  - G2130 – 3.2 GHz
  - G2140 – 3.3 GHz

Core i3[edit]

Sandy Bridge – 32 nm process technology
- 2 physical cores/4 threads
- 32+32 Kb (per core) L1 cache
- 256 Kb (per core) L2 cache
- 3 MB L3 cache
- 624 million transistors
- Introduced January, 2012
- Socket 1155 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3-1333
- Variants ending in 'T' have a peak TDP of 35 W, others 65 W
- Integrated GPU
  - All variants have peak GPU turbo frequencies of 1.1 GHz
  - Variants ending in 'T' have GPUs running at a base frequency of 650 MHz; others at 850 MHz
  - Variants ending in '5' have Intel HD Graphics 3000 (12 execution units); others have Intel HD Graphics 2000 (6 execution units)
- Variants
  - i3-2100T – 2.5 GHz
  - i3-2120T – 2.6 GHz
  - i3-2100 – 3.1 GHz
  - i3-2102 – 3.1 GHz
  - i3-2105 – 3.1 GHz
  - i3-2120 – 3.3 GHz
  - i3-2125 – 3.3 GHz
  - i3-2130 – 3.4 GHz

Ivy Bridge – 22 nm Tri-gate transistor process technology
- 2 physical cores/4 threads
- 32+32 Kb (per core) L1 cache
- 256 Kb (per core) L2 cache
- 3 MB L3 cache
- Introduced September, 2012
- Socket 1155 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3-1600
- Variants ending in '5' have Intel HD Graphics 4000; others have Intel HD Graphics 2500
- All variants have GPU base frequencies of 650 MHz and peak GPU turbo frequencies of 1.05 GHz
- TDP 55 W
- Variants
  - i3-3220T – 2.8 GHz
  - i3-3240T – 2.9 GHz
  - i3-3210 – 3.2 GHz
  - i3-3220 – 3.3 GHz
  - i3-3225 – 3.3 GHz
  - i3-3240 – 3.4 GHz

Core i5[edit]

Sandy Bridge – 32 nm process technology
- 4 physical cores/4 threads (except for i5-2390T which has 2 physical cores/4 threads)
- 32+32 Kb (per core) L1 cache
- 256 Kb (per core) L2 cache
- 6 MB L3 cache (except for i5-2390T which has 3 MB)
- 995 million transistors
- Introduced January, 2011
- Socket 1155 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3-1333
- Variants ending in 'S' have a peak TDP of 65 W, others – 95 W except where noted
- Variants ending in 'K' have unlocked multipliers; others cannot be overclocked
- Integrated GPU
  - i5-2500T has a peak GPU turbo frequency of 1.25 GHz, others 1.1 GHz
  - Variants ending in 'T' have GPUs running at a base frequency of 650 MHz; others at 850 MHz
  - Variants ending in '5' or 'K' have Intel HD Graphics 3000 (12 execution units), except i5-2550K which has no GPU; others have Intel HD Graphics 2000 (6 execution units)
  - Variants ending in 'P' and the i5-2550K have no GPU
- Variants
  - i5-2390T – 2.7 GHz/3.5 GHz Turbo Boost (35 W max TDP)
  - i5-2500T – 2.3 GHz/3.3 GHz Turbo Boost (45 W max TDP)
  - i5-2400S – 2.5 GHz/3.3 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i5-2405S – 2.5 GHz/3.3 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i5-2500S – 2.7 GHz/3.7 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i5-2300 – 2.8 GHz/3.1 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i5-2310 – 2.9 GHz/3.2 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i5-2320 – 3.0 GHz/3.3 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i5-2380P – 3.1 GHz/3.4 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i5-2400 – 3.1 GHz/3.4 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i5-2450P – 3.2 GHz/3.5 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i5-2500 – 3.3 GHz/3.7 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i5-2500K – 3.3 GHz/3.7 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i5-2550K – 3.4 GHz/3.8 GHz Turbo Boost

Ivy Bridge – 22 nm Tri-gate transistor process technology
- 4 physical cores/4 threads (except for i5-3470T which has 2 physical cores/4 threads)
- 32+32 Kb (per core) L1 cache
- 256 Kb (per core) L2 cache
- 6 MB L3 cache (except for i5-3470T which has 3 MB)
- Introduced April, 2012
- Socket 1155 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3-1600
- Variants ending in 'S' have a peak TDP of 65 W, Variants ending in 'T' have a peak TDP of 35 or 45 W (see variants), others – 77 W except where noted
- Variants ending in 'K' have unlocked multipliers; others cannot be overclocked
- Variants ending in 'P' have no integrated GPU; others have Intel HD Graphics 2500 or Intel HD Graphics 4000 (i5-3475S and i5-3570K only)
- Variants
  - i5-3470T – 2.9 GHz/3.6 GHz max Turbo Boost (35 W TDP)
  - i5-3570T – 2.3 GHz/3.3 GHz max Turbo Boost (45 W TDP)
  - i5-3330S – 2.7 GHz/3.2 GHz max Turbo Boost
  - i5-3450S – 2.8 GHz/3.5 GHz max Turbo Boost
  - i5-3470S – 2.9 GHz/3.6 GHz max Turbo Boost
  - i5-3475S – 2.9 GHz/3.6 GHz max Turbo Boost
  - i5-3550S – 3.0 GHz/3.7 GHz max Turbo Boost
  - i5-3570S – 3.1 GHz/3.8 GHz max Turbo Boost
  - i5-3330 – 3.0 GHz/3.2 GHz max Turbo Boost
  - i5-3350P – 3.1 GHz/3.3 GHz max Turbo Boost (69 W TDP)
  - i5-3450 – 3.1 GHz/3.5 GHz max Turbo Boost
  - i5-3470 – 3.2 GHz/3.6 GHz max Turbo Boost
  - i5-3550 – 3.3 GHz/3.7 GHz max Turbo Boost
  - i5-3570 – 3.4 GHz/3.8 GHz max Turbo Boost
  - i5-3570K – 3.4 GHz/3.8 GHz max Turbo Boost

Core i7[edit]

Sandy Bridge – 32 nm process technology
- 4 physical cores/8 threads
- 32+32 Kb (per core) L1 cache
- 256 Kb (per core) L2 cache
- 8 MB L3 cache
- 995 million transistors
- Introduced January, 2011
- Socket 1155 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3-1333
- Variants ending in 'S' have a peak TDP of 65 W, others – 95 W
- Variants ending in 'K' have unlocked multipliers; others cannot be overclocked
- Integrated GPU
  - All variants have base GPU frequencies of 850 MHz and peak GPU turbo frequencies of 1.35 GHz
  - Variants ending in 'K' have Intel HD Graphics 3000 (12 execution units); others have Intel HD Graphics 2000 (6 execution units)
- Variants
  - i7-2600S – 2.8 GHz/3.8 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i7-2600 – 3.4 GHz/3.8 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i7-2600K – 3.4 GHz/3.8 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i7-2700K – 3.5 GHz/3.9 GHz Turbo Boost

Sandy Bridge-E – 32 nm process technology
- Up to 8 physical cores/16 threads depending on model number
- 32+32 Kb (per core) L1 cache
- 256 Kb (per core) L2 cache
- Up to 20 MB L3 cache depending on model number
- 2270 million transistors
- Introduced November, 2011
- Socket 2011 LGA
- 4-channel DDR3-1600
- All variants have a peak TDP of 130 W
- No integrated GPU
- Variants
  - i7-3820 – 3.6 GHz/3.8 GHz Turbo Boost, 4 cores, 10 MB L3 cache
  - i7-3930K – 3.2 GHz/3.8 GHz Turbo Boost, 6 cores, 12 MB L3 cache
  - i7-3960X – 3.3 GHz/3.9 GHz Turbo Boost, 6 cores, 15 MB L3 cache
  - i7-3970X – 3.5 GHz/4.0 GHz Turbo Boost, 6 cores, 15 MB L3 cache

Ivy Bridge – 22 nm Tri-gate transistor process technology
- 4 physical cores/8 threads
- 32+32 Kb (per core) L1 cache
- 256 Kb (per core) L2 cache
- 8 MB L3 cache
- Introduced April, 2012
- Socket 1155 LGA
- 2-channel DDR3-1600
- Variants ending in 'S' have a peak TDP of 65 W, variants ending in 'T' have a peak TDP of 45 W, others – 77 W
- Variants ending in 'K' have unlocked multipliers; others cannot be overclocked
- Integrated GPU Intel HD Graphics 4000
- Variants
  - i7-3770T – 2.5 GHz/3.7 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i7-3770S – 3.1 GHz/3.9 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i7-3770 – 3.4 GHz/3.9 GHz Turbo Boost
  - i7-3770K – 3.5 GHz/3.9 GHz Turbo Boost

64-bit processors: Intel 64 – Haswell microarchitecture[edit]

See Haswell (microarchitecture)

64-bit processors: Intel 64 – Broadwell microarchitecture[edit]

See Broadwell (microarchitecture)

Intel Tera-Scale[edit]

2007: Teraflops Research Chip, an 80 cores processor prototype.
2009: Single-chip Cloud Computer, a research microprocessor containing the most Intel Architecture cores ever integrated on a silicon CPU chip – 48 cores.

Intel 805xx product codes[edit]

Intel discontinued the use of part numbers such as 80486 in the marketing of mainstream x86-architecture microprocessors with the introduction of the Pentium brand in 1993. However, numerical codes, in the 805xx range, continued to be assigned to these processors for internal and part numbering uses. The following is a list of such product codes in numerical order:

Product code	Marketing name(s)	Codename(s)
80500	Pentium	P5 (A-step)
80501	Pentium	P5
80502	Pentium	P54C, P54CS
80503	Pentium with MMX Technology	P55C, Tillamook
80521	Pentium Pro	P6
80522	Pentium II	Klamath
80523	Pentium II, Celeron, Pentium II Xeon	Deschutes, Covington, Drake
80524	Pentium II, Celeron	Dixon, Mendocino
80525	Pentium III, Pentium III Xeon	Katmai, Tanner
80526	Pentium III, Celeron, Pentium III Xeon	Coppermine, Cascades
80528	Pentium 4, Xeon	Willamette (Socket 423), Foster
80529	canceled	Timna
80530	Pentium III, Celeron	Tualatin
80531	Pentium 4, Celeron	Willamette (Socket 478)
80532	Pentium 4, Celeron, Xeon	Northwood, Prestonia, Gallatin
80533	Pentium III	Coppermine (cD0-step)
80534	Pentium 4 SFF	Northwood (small form factor)
80535	Pentium M, Celeron M 310–340	Banias
80536	Pentium M, Celeron M 350–390	Dothan
80537	Core 2 Duo T5xxx, T7xxx, Celeron M 5xx	Merom
80538	Core Solo, Celeron M 4xx	Yonah
80539	Core Duo, Pentium Dual-core T-series	Yonah
80541	Itanium	Merced
80542	Itanium 2	McKinley
80543	Itanium 2	Madison
80546	Pentium 4, Celeron D, Xeon	Prescott (Socket 478), Nocona, Irwindale, Cranford, Potomac
80547	Pentium 4, Celeron D	Prescott (LGA 775)
80548	canceled	Tejas and Jayhawk
80549	Itanium 2 90xx	Montecito
80550	Dual-core Xeon 71xx	Tulsa
80551	Pentium D, Pentium EE, Dual-core Xeon	Smithfield, Paxville DP
80552	Pentium 4, Celeron D	Cedar Mill
80553	Pentium D, Pentium EE	Presler
80554	Celeron 800/900/1000 ULV	Shelton
80555	Dual-core Xeon 50xx	Dempsey
80556	Dual-core Xeon 51xx	Woodcrest
80557	Core 2 Duo E4xxx. E6xxx, Dual-core Xeon 30xx, Pentium Dual-core E2xxx	Conroe
80560	Dual-core Xeon 70xx	Paxville MP
80562	Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Extreme QX6xxx, Quad-core Xeon 32xx	Kentsfield
80563	Quad-core Xeon 53xx	Clovertown
80564	Xeon 7200	Tigerton-DC
80565	Xeon 7300	Tigerton
80566	Atom Z5xx	Silverthorne
80567	Itanium 91xx	Montvale
80569	Core 2 Quad Q9xxx, Core 2 Extreme QX9xxx, Xeon 33xx	Yorkfield
80570	Core 2 Duo E8xxx, Xeon 31xx	Wolfdale
80571	Core 2 Duo E7xxx, Pentium Dual-core E5xxx, Pentium Dual-core E2210	Wolfdale-3M
80573	Xeon 5200	Wolfdale-DP
80574	Core 2 Extreme QX9775, Xeon 5400	Harpertown
80576	Core 2 Duo P7xxx, T8xxx, P8xxx, T9xxx, P9xxx, SL9xxx, SP9xxx, Core 2 Extreme X9xxx	Penryn
80577	Core 2 Duo P7xxx, P8xxx, SU9xxx, T6xxx, T8xxx	Penryn-3M
80578	EP80578	Vermilion Range
80579	EP80579	Tolapai
80580	Core 2 Quad Q8xxx, Q9xxx, Xeon 33xx	Yorkfield-6M
80581	Core 2 Quad Q9xxx	Penryn-QC
80582	Xeon 74xx	Dunnington
80583	Xeon 74xx	Dunnington-QC
80584	Xeon X33x3 LV	Yorkfield CL
80585	Core 2 Solo SU3xxx, Celeron 7xx, 9xx	Penryn-L
80586	Atom 2xx, N2xx	Diamondville
80587	Atom 3xx	Diamondville DC
80588	Xeon L3014, E3113	Wolfdale-CL

Intel 806xx product codes[edit]

Product code	Marketing name(s)	Codename(s)
80601	Core i7, Xeon 35xx	Bloomfield
80602	Xeon 55xx	Gainestown
80603	Itanium 93xx	Tukwila
80604	Xeon 65xx, Xeon 75xx	Beckton
80605	Core i5-7xx, Core i7-8xx, Xeon 34xx	Lynnfield
80606	canceled	Havendale
80607	Core i7-7xx QM, Core i7-8xx QM, Core i7-9xx XM	Clarksfield
80608	canceled	Auburndale
80609	Atom Z6xx	Lincroft
80610	Atom N400, D400, D500	Pineview
80611	canceled	Larrabee
80612	Xeon C35xx, Xeon C55xx	Jasper Forest
80613	Core i7-9xxX, Xeon 36xx	Gulftown
80614	Xeon 56xx	Westmere-EP
80615	Xeon E7-28xx, Xeon E7-48xx, Xeon E7-88xx	Westmere-EX
80616	Pentium G6xxx, Core i3-5xx, Core i5-6xx	Clarkdale
80617	Core i5-5xx, Core i7-6xxM/UM/LM	Arrandale
80618	Atom E6x0	Tunnel Creek
80619	Core i7-3xxx	Sandy Bridge-EP
80620	Xeon E5-24xx, Xeon E5-14xx, Pentium 14xx	Sandy Bridge-EN
80621	Xeon E5-16xx, Xeon E5-26xx, Xeon E5-46xx	Sandy Bridge-EP-8, Sandy Bridge-EP-4
80622		Sandy Bridge-EP-8
80623	Xeon E3-xxxx, Core i3/i5/i7-2xxx, Pentium Gxxx, Xeon E3-12xx	Sandy Bridge-HE-4, Sandy Bridge-M-2
80627	Core i3/i5/i7-2xxxM, Pentium Bxxx, Celeron Bxxx	Sandy Bridge-HE-4, Sandy Bridge-H-2, Sandy Bridge-M-2
80631	Itanium 95xx	Poulson
80632	Atom E6x5C	Stellarton
80633	Core i7-48xx, -49xx	Ivy Bridge-E
80634	Xeon E5-24xx-v2, E5-14xx-v2, Pentium-14xx-v2	Ivy Bridge-EN
80635	Xeon E5-26xx-v2, E5-16xx-v2	Ivy Bridge-EP
80636	Xeon E7-v2	Ivy Bridge-EX
80637	Core i5/i7-3xxx, Xeon-E3	Ivy Bridge
80638	Mobile Core i5/i7-3xxxM	Ivy Bridge
80640	Atom Z24xx	Penwell
80641	Atom D2xxx, Atom N2xxx	Cedarview
80642	Atom Z2xxx	Penwell
80644	Xeon E5-16xx/26xx-v3	Haswell-EP
80646	Core i3/i5/i7 - 4xxx, Pentium G3xxx, Celeron G18xx, Xeon E3-12xx-v3	Haswell
80647	Core i5/i7 - 4xxxM	Haswell
80648	Core i7-58xx, -59xx	Haswell-E
80649	Xeon Phi	Knight's Corner
80650	Atom Z27xx	Cloverview
80651	Atom Z25xx	Cloverview
80652	Atom Z33xx	Merrifield
80653	Atom Z37xx	Bay Trail-T
80654	Atom C23xx	Avoton
80655	Atom C2356	Rangeley
80661	Quark SoC X1020D	Clanton
80663	Atom Z35xx	Moorefield

Hello All,

The 4-bit processors

The 8-bit processors

8008[edit]

8080[edit]

8085[edit]

Microcontrollers[edit]

Intel 8048[edit]

Intel 8051[edit]

Intel 80151[edit]

Intel 80251[edit]

MCS-96 Family[edit]

The bit-slice processor[edit]

3000 Family[edit]

The 16-bit processors: MCS-86 family[edit]

8086[edit]

8088[edit]

80186[edit]

80188[edit]

80286[edit]

32-bit processors: the non-x86 microprocessors[edit]

iAPX 432[edit]

i960 aka 80960[edit]

i860 aka 80860[edit]

XScale[edit]

32-bit processors: the 80386 range[edit]

80386DX[edit]

80386SX[edit]

80376[edit]

80386SL[edit]

80386EX[edit]

32-bit processors: the 80486 range[edit]

80486DX[edit]

80486SX[edit]

80486DX2[edit]

80486SL[edit]

80486DX4[edit]

32-bit processors: P5 microarchitecture[edit]

Original Pentium[edit]

Pentium with MMX Technology[edit]

32-bit processors: P6/Pentium M microarchitecture[edit]

Pentium Pro[edit]

Pentium II[edit]

Celeron (Pentium II-based)[edit]

Pentium III[edit]

Pentium II and III Xeon[edit]

Celeron (Pentium III Coppermine-based)[edit]

Celeron (Pentium III Tualatin-based)[edit]

Pentium M[edit]

Celeron M[edit]

Intel Core[edit]

Dual-Core Xeon LV[edit]

32-bit processors: NetBurst microarchitecture[edit]

Pentium 4[edit]

Xeon[edit]

Mobile Pentium 4-M[edit]

Pentium 4 EE[edit]

Pentium 4E[edit]

Pentium 4F[edit]

64-bit processors: IA-64[edit]

Itanium[edit]

Itanium 2[edit]

64-bit processors: Intel 64 – NetBurst microarchitecture[edit]

Pentium 4F[edit]

Pentium D[edit]

Pentium Extreme Edition[edit]

Xeon[edit]

64-bit processors: Intel 64 – Core microarchitecture[edit]

Intel Core 2[edit]

Pentium Dual-Core[edit]

Celeron[edit]

Celeron M[edit]

64-bit processors: Intel 64 – Nehalem microarchitecture[edit]

Intel Pentium[edit]

Core i3[edit]

Core i5[edit]

Core i7[edit]

Xeon[edit]

64-bit processors: Intel 64 – Sandy Bridge / Ivy Bridge microarchitecture[edit]

Celeron[edit]