GKC Infotech Institute

“Keep your face always toward the sunshine—and shadows will fall behind you.”

GKC Infotech Institute

“Extraordinary things are always hiding in places people never think to look.”

GKC Infotech Institute

“Setting goals is the first step in turning the invisible into the visible.”

GKC Infotech Institute

“You can have it all. Just not all at once.”

GKC Infotech Institute

“Say something positive, and you’ll see something positive.”

HIREN BOOT CREAT BOOTABLE IN USB

Download and Run USB Disk Storage Format USB Disk Storage Format USBFhttp://www.hiren.info/download/freeware-tools/USBFormat.zipormat.zip (34KB)
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Step 3
Download grubinst_gui Grub 4 Dos grub4dos.zip (179KB) and Run as Administrator
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Step 4
Insert the BootCD (10.3 or newer) in the CD Drive and Copy everything from CD to USB Flash Drive
Step 5
Copy grldr and menu.lst from grub4dos.zip (or from HBCD folder) to the usb drive
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Step 6
Test Your USB Drive (read bottom of the page for troubleshoot)

Make sure you set your computer to boot from USB Flash Drive

To Enter the BIOS press the "Del" button on your keyboard. Alternatives are "F1", "F2", "Insert", and "F10". Some PC's BIOS might even require a different key to be pressed. Commonly a PC will show a message like "Press [Del] to enter Setup" to indicate that you need to press the "Del" key. Some AMI BIOS require you to enable the option "USB Keyboard Legacy support"!
For AMI BIOS:
  • Go to "Feature Setup". "Enable" these options: "USB Function Support", 
    "USB Function For DOS" and "ThumbDrive for DOS". Go to "Advanced Setup". 
    Set the "1st Boot Device" to "USB RMD-FDD".
    Reboot the PC and it now should boot from the Usb Stick.
  • Go to "USB Mass Storage Device Configuration". Select "Emulation Type" 
    and set it to "Harddisk". Go to the "Boot Menu" and set the "1st boot device" to "USB-Stick". Exit the BIOS, saving the changes. 
    you can try "Emulation Type" to "Floppy" or "Forced FDD".
For PHOENIX/AWARD BIOS:
  • Go to "Advanced BIOS Features". Go to the "1st Boot device" and set it to "USB-ZIP".

1 Watt LED Driver Circuit - 220 V, 120 V

1 Watt LED Driver Circuit - 220 V, 120 V

In this post we learn how to make a simple mains operated 1 watt LED driver circuit using SMPS buck converter topology.

High power LEDs are optimally with constant regulated DC current, requiring a "driver" or "converter" to supply the required current from an AC or DC power stream. An uncomplicated solitary stage power converter based around the IRS2980 LED driver IC gives you a in control current output over a large AC line or DC voltage input range. The IRPLLED7 evaluation board is an off line non-isolated constant current Buck regulator LED driver which is designed to supply a 350mA DC output current. The LED output voltage is usually about 90% of the input voltage, operating from an AC line input voltage between 90 and 250VAC 50/60Hz or 50 to 300VDC. Moreover it comprises of PWM dimming ability from 10% to 100% of illumination output regulated by an inside potentiometer.

The IRS2980 is a hysteretic Buck controller working with in nonstop conduction method (CCM) and applying a low side switching MOSFET as the controlled switch and a speedy recovery diode as the unrestrained switch connected to the positive DC bus. This function of operation is opposite to the IRS25401 and includes a differential rambling high side current sense circuit, that is utilized to hysteretically control the output current by sensing the voltage drop across a sense resistor and regulating the common to 0.5V. The IRS2980 is ideal for use in current regulated circuits rather than voltage safe circuits.




12 V Mains SMPS Circuit

12 V Mains SMPS Circuit

 All this is fitted into DIP8 package (same as the 555)! Its maximum voltage is 700V, the operating frequency is 132kHz. Schematic diagram you will notice below. 

It takes advantage of an integrated circuit TNY267P of a few circuits TinySwitch-II: TNY263, TNY264, TNY265, TNY266, TNY267 a TNY268. 

This element combines both the control circuit as well as the transforming element (MOSFET), current and thermal fuse and self-power procedure. This is certainly everything essential for a small flyback provider. It doesn't actually need an auxiliary winding.

Due to the low power, I applied halfwave rectifier. 

Voltage peaks are limited with the use of transil (zener diodes) 180V. This might be swapped with the typical parallel blend of resistance and capacitor

Feedback is supplied with optocouplers, the minimum threshold is opted clearly making use of zener diode (ZD). ZD decides the output voltage.

 It is usually more or less 1 V beyond the nominal voltage of ZD, mainly because the voltage fall of the LED optocoupler is involved. For 12 V output voltage ZD 12 V is used. 

Surely i don't compel you to develop 12 V supply - output voltage can be realigned by varying 2 things: - Secondary winding is about 1.4 z / V. - ZD is about 1V less than the obligated voltage. For minimal voltage (about 5V or less) exchange fast diode on output with Schottky diode. 

Optimum power of this supply in an enclosed adapter and 230V power is 13W. Transformer is a tiny ferrite EE. Fundamental column includes a cross-section of 4.5 x 4.5 mm, air gap 0.4 mm. Primary holds 140 turns of wire diameter 0.15 mm. 

Secondary owes (for 12 V output) 18 turns of wire 0.4 mm. Caused by the low power the secondary is not classified to several parts. First, I ended the complete primary. The layers of wires are interlaced primarywinding. 

Between primary and secondary i made use of shielding - copper tape and joined it to the cold termination of primary (not surprisingly it it not supposed to generate shorter turn!). Then I wound aq durable isolation - 12 portions of duct tape. 

Next I wound the secondary turns. In the instance of complications with interference install a noise suppression circuit together with / or harness a capacitor roughly 1n / Y1 between primary and secondary side. 

Complete preference are supplied by the datasheet of TNY263 - TNY268. The more significant part the number, the more significant the potency. 

Observe sometimes the more recent series of TinySwitch-III: TNY274 - TNY280. In that series you can discover IC's allowing a lot more ability. They are going to also easily fit in schematic below, just the pinout is different.


Random Access Memory detail

WHAT IS RAM?
RAM (Random Access Memory): RAM is Basic Memory of Computer .It is Store Data Temporarily, it store Data until Computer is turn off .it Computer is Turn off the data is erase automatically from the RAM. There are many types of RAM. It is also known as Volat...

card level ripairing ke run commands shortcuts


1. Control Panel Program Shortcuts
controlControl Panel
control desktopDisplay Properties (Personalization)
control colorPersonalization - Color and Appearance
control foldersFolders Properties
control keyboardKeyboard Properties
control mouseMouse Properties
control netconnectionsNetwork Properties
control printersPrinters Folders
control userpasswordsManager current User Account
control userpasswords2Manager all User Accounts
control updateWindows Update
control admintoolsAdministrative Tools
control schedtasksScheduled Tasks
appwiz.cplApplication Wizard (Program and Features)
powercfg.cplPower Configuration
timedate.cplDate and Time Properties
desk.cplDisplay - Screen Resolution
intl.cplRegional Settings (International)
mmsys.cplSound Properties (Multimedia System Settings)
inetcpl.cplInternet Properties (Internet Control Panel)
wscui.cplSecurity Center (Windows Security Center UI)
sysdm.cplSystem Properties
utilmanEase of Access Utility Manager

Windows Firewall

2. Commonly used Windows Tools
explorerWindows Explorer
c:
firewall.cpl
Explorer C: Drive
regeditRegistry Editor
services.mscWindows Services (local)
taskmgrTask Manager
msconfigSystem Configuration Utility
mstscRemote Desktop (Microsoft Terminal Services)
logoffLog Off Windows (without confirmation!)
shutdownShuts Down Windows (don't try unless you are ready to shutdown)
calcCalculator
cmdCommand Prompt
notepadNotepad
calcCalculator
▲ up

minus3. Microsoft System Configurations
Microsoft System Configurations
devmgmt.mscDevice Management
eventvwr.mscEvent Viewer
compmgmt.mscComputer Management including System Tools, Storage, Services and Appliations
diskmgmt.mscDisk Partition Manager
dcomcnfgComponent Services (Detailed Component Configuration)
gpedit.mscGroup Policy Editor
secpol.mscLocal Security Policy Settings
lusrmgr.mscLocal User and Groups
perfmon.mscPerformance Monitor
fsmgmt.mscShared Folders (File Sharing Management)
▲ up

minus4. Other Windows Tools
shrpubwCreate a shared folder Wizard
dxdiagDirect X Troubleshooter
cleanmgrClean Manager - Disk Cleanup Utility
clipbrdClipboard Viewer
msiexecWindows Installer Details
magnifyWindows Magnifier
oskOn Screen Keyboard
msinfo32System Information
sndvolVolume Control
winverWindows Version ( shows your windows version )
compCompare Files
ftpMS-Dos FTP
labelVolume Serial Number for C:
fsquirtBluetooth Transfer Wizard
verifierDriver Verifier Utility
migwizMigration Wizard - Files and Settings Transfer Tool
sigverifFile Signature Verification Tool
fontsFonts
joy.cplGame Controllers
mrtMalicious Software Removal Tool
eudceditPrivate Characters Editor
▲ up

minus5. Applications (if installed)
acrobatAdobe Acrobat ( if installed )
photoshopAdobe Photoshop ( if installed )
ccleanerCcleaner ( if installed )
chromeChrome ( if installed )
excelMicrosoft Excel ( if installed )
accessMicrosoft Access ( if installed )
powerpntMicrosoft Powerpoint
winwordMicrosoft Word ( if installed )
wmplayerWindows Media Player
writeWordpad
▲ up

minus6. IP Config Commands (leave Dos Windows open)
ipconfig /allIP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration)
ipconfig /displaydnsIP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)
ipconfig /flushdnsIP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)
ipconfig /releaseIP Configuration (Release All Connections)
ipconfig /renewIP Configuration (Renew All Connections)
ipconfig /registerdnsIP Configuration (Refreshes DHCP & Re-Registers DNS)
ipconfig /showclassidIP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)
ipconfig /setclassidIP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)
▲ up

minus7. System File Checker Utility
sfc /scannowSystem File Checker Utility ( Scan Immediately )
sfc /scanonceSystem File Checker Utility ( Scan Once At Next Boot )
sfc /scanbootSystem File Checker Utility ( Scan On Every Boot )
sfc /revertSystem File Checker Utility ( Return to Default Settings)
sfc /purgecacheSystem File Checker Utility ( Purge File Cache )
sfc /cachesize=xSystem File Checker Utility ( Set Cache Size to Size x )